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Lexell's Comet
D/1770 L1, popularly known as Lexell's Comet after its orbit computer Anders Johan Lexell, was a comet discovered by astronomer Charles Messier in June 1770.〔Other comets named after their orbit computer, rather than discoverer, are 27P/Crommelin, 2P/Encke and 1P/Halley - Halley's Comet.〕 It is notable for having passed closer to Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of only .〔Kronk, G. ''(Cometography: D/1770 L1 (Lexell) )'', accessed November 20, 2008.〕〔Kronk, G. ''(The Closest Approaches of Comets to Earth )'', accessed 20 November 20, 2008. It was thought that C/1491 B1 may have approached even closer on February 20, 1491, but its orbit was retracted in 2002 due to a misunderstanding of the records.〕〔(Closest Approaches to the Earth by Comets )〕 The comet has not been seen since 1770 and is considered a lost comet.
== Discovery ==
The comet was discovered on June 14, 1770, in the constellation Sagittarius by Messier, who had just completed an observation of Jupiter and was examining several nebulae.〔 At this time it was very faint, but his observations over the course of the next few days showed that it rapidly grew in size, its coma reaching 27 arcminutes across by June 24: by this time it was of magnitude +2. The comet was also noted by several other astronomers.
The comet was observed in Japan. Surviving records identify it as an astronomical and historical phenomenon.〔Hall, John. (1955). ''Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788,'' p. 120.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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